1: What are Biogeochemical Cycles?
-Pathways for molecules to move through the Earth.
2: What is a Reservoir of water?
-Place where water is held.
3: What is Precipitation? Name a few types:
-Rain, Hail, Snow. When water being held in the atmosphere condenses.
4: What is Evaporation? Where does most of evaporation take place on Earth?
-When water is changed from a liquid to a gas. It mostly takes place over the ocean
Sublimation?
-Solid --> Gas
Deposition?
-Gas --> Solid
5: What is Condensation?
-When air vapor rises and condenses and cools.
6: What is Runoff? Where does it ultimately end up? (Most of it)
-When water is pulled across the ground to its lower point.
7: Why are oceans salty?
-Water going to the ocean erodes minerals from the ground.
8: What are the 3 ways that the human body loses water?
-Evaporation, Exhaling, Peeing.
9: What is evapotranspiration?
-Sum of evaporation and plant transpiration from the Earth's land and Ocean surface to the atmosphere
10: Diagram the Water Cycle (Hydrologic):
-Pathways for molecules to move through the Earth.
2: What is a Reservoir of water?
-Place where water is held.
3: What is Precipitation? Name a few types:
-Rain, Hail, Snow. When water being held in the atmosphere condenses.
4: What is Evaporation? Where does most of evaporation take place on Earth?
-When water is changed from a liquid to a gas. It mostly takes place over the ocean
Sublimation?
-Solid --> Gas
Deposition?
-Gas --> Solid
5: What is Condensation?
-When air vapor rises and condenses and cools.
6: What is Runoff? Where does it ultimately end up? (Most of it)
-When water is pulled across the ground to its lower point.
7: Why are oceans salty?
-Water going to the ocean erodes minerals from the ground.
8: What are the 3 ways that the human body loses water?
-Evaporation, Exhaling, Peeing.
9: What is evapotranspiration?
-Sum of evaporation and plant transpiration from the Earth's land and Ocean surface to the atmosphere
10: Diagram the Water Cycle (Hydrologic):
Carbon Cycle
1: All living things require what to create their bodies?
-Carbon.
2: What percentage of the human body is Carbon?
-12.5%
3: How are plants involved in the Carbon Cycle? What happens to the Carbon?- how does it get
back to the environment?
-Plants need Carbon to photosynthesis then release it back out during there respiration cycle
4: What happens to Carbon in the ocean? How does it get there? Where does it go?
-Carbon dissolves really easily and is used by phytoplankton
5: What are shells made of? What happens when they fall to the bottom of the ocean?
-Carbon. They pile up and become compressed into rocks
6: What happens to Limestone when it is dissolved in water?
-When limestone is dissolved it becomes carbon
7: What is happening with the excess Carbon in the atmosphere? Why is it important that some
of the Carbon remains locked in the ground or in ice (glaciers, permafrost)?
-Causes global climate change because it traps the heat from the sun
8: What is positive feedback loop? Hint: What is happening with global warming?
-Climate Warms --> We need more energy to cool down ---> The energy we use it releasing carbon ---> Causes the climate to get warmer.
1: All living things require what to create their bodies?
-Carbon.
2: What percentage of the human body is Carbon?
-12.5%
3: How are plants involved in the Carbon Cycle? What happens to the Carbon?- how does it get
back to the environment?
-Plants need Carbon to photosynthesis then release it back out during there respiration cycle
4: What happens to Carbon in the ocean? How does it get there? Where does it go?
-Carbon dissolves really easily and is used by phytoplankton
5: What are shells made of? What happens when they fall to the bottom of the ocean?
-Carbon. They pile up and become compressed into rocks
6: What happens to Limestone when it is dissolved in water?
-When limestone is dissolved it becomes carbon
7: What is happening with the excess Carbon in the atmosphere? Why is it important that some
of the Carbon remains locked in the ground or in ice (glaciers, permafrost)?
-Causes global climate change because it traps the heat from the sun
8: What is positive feedback loop? Hint: What is happening with global warming?
-Climate Warms --> We need more energy to cool down ---> The energy we use it releasing carbon ---> Causes the climate to get warmer.
9. How does carbon exist in the atmosphere?
- Carbon exist in the atmosphere, because of phytosynthesis and then resparation.
10. How are fossil fuels created? Explain.
- Fossil fuels are created when the plants and animal die, and are buried underground for millions of years.
11. Describe two ways that carbon enters the atmosphere.
- The carbon enters the atmosphere by pyhtosynthesis and respartation.
12. How are the oceans involved in the carbon cycle?
- The oceans are involved in the carbon cycle, because they soak up some carbon from the atmosphere.
13. How is the temperature of the Earth partly controlled by carbon?
- The temperature of the Earth is partly controlled by carbon, because the greenhouse gas traps the heat in the atmosphere.
14. What role do rocks have within the carbon cycle?
- The role of the rocks in the carbon cycle, by adding carbon to surface water that goes to the ocean.
15.When carbon enters the deep ocean, how long does it stay there?
-Hundreds of years
True or False: Phytoplankton are tiny plants and algae that float in the ocean and take up carbon
dioxide as they grow.
- True
True or False: Plants both absorb CO2 from the atmosphere and release it into the atmosphere.
- True
Nitrogen Cycle:
Go to http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/onlcourse/chm110/outlines/nitrogencycle.html and answer these questions.
16. What are the two conditions under which nitrogen will react with oxygen? (In other words, what is necessary for nitrogen in the air to combine with oxygen?)
- The two conditions under which nitrogen will react with oxygen are nitrogen oxide and nitrogen dioxide.
17. What are the two compounds that are formed when nitrogen combines with oxygen?
- The two compounds of nitrogen combined with oxygen is nitrogen oxide.
18. How does nitric acid (HNO3) form?
- Nitric acid forms usually forms when nitrogen dioxide reacts with water in rain.
19. Why is nitric acid (HNO3) important?
- Nitric acid is important because it can be used a nutrients for the plants.
Go to: http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/N/NitrogenCycle.html and answer these questions.
20. What percentage of the air we breathe is nitrogen?
- The air is 79% nitrogen.
21. Even though considerable nitrogen is available in the air, most plants do not use the nitrogen (N2) found in the air. Why not?
- Most plants do not use nitrogen found in the air, because their nitrogen must be in a "fixed form."
22. In what compounds can plants use nitrogen?
- Plants can use nitrogen in forms of nitrate ions, ammonium ions, and urea.
23. How do animals get the nitrogen they need?
- Animals get nitrogen they need by eating other animals or plants.
24. Atmospheric nitrogen (N2) is pretty inert. This means that it does not easily break apart.
When molecules do not break apart easily, it is difficult (or impossible) for organisms to use them as a nutrient source. As a result, nitrogen fixation is the term used to describe the process of breaking up N2.
a. What is atmospheric fixation?
~ "Atmospheric fixation is a huge energy of lightning breaks nitrogen and allows their atoms to combine with oxygen in the air forming nitrogen oxides."
b. What is industrial fixation? [This is how artificial fertilizers are made.]
~ " Industrial Fixation is the use of a catalyst, atmospheric nitrogen and hydrogen combined to form ammonia (NH3)."
c. What is biological fixation? (In your answer, describe the types of plants associated with the symbiotic relationship.)
~ "Biological fixation is the ability to fix nitrogen is found only in certain bacteria and archaea such as in soybeans, alders, and alfalfa."
Go to: http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/9s.html and answer these questions.
25. Why is nitrogen needed by plants and animals?-~ Nitrogen is needed by both plants and animals because they need nitrogen-compounds, e.g., proteins and nucleic acids.
- Carbon exist in the atmosphere, because of phytosynthesis and then resparation.
10. How are fossil fuels created? Explain.
- Fossil fuels are created when the plants and animal die, and are buried underground for millions of years.
11. Describe two ways that carbon enters the atmosphere.
- The carbon enters the atmosphere by pyhtosynthesis and respartation.
12. How are the oceans involved in the carbon cycle?
- The oceans are involved in the carbon cycle, because they soak up some carbon from the atmosphere.
13. How is the temperature of the Earth partly controlled by carbon?
- The temperature of the Earth is partly controlled by carbon, because the greenhouse gas traps the heat in the atmosphere.
14. What role do rocks have within the carbon cycle?
- The role of the rocks in the carbon cycle, by adding carbon to surface water that goes to the ocean.
15.When carbon enters the deep ocean, how long does it stay there?
-Hundreds of years
True or False: Phytoplankton are tiny plants and algae that float in the ocean and take up carbon
dioxide as they grow.
- True
True or False: Plants both absorb CO2 from the atmosphere and release it into the atmosphere.
- True
Nitrogen Cycle:
Go to http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/onlcourse/chm110/outlines/nitrogencycle.html and answer these questions.
16. What are the two conditions under which nitrogen will react with oxygen? (In other words, what is necessary for nitrogen in the air to combine with oxygen?)
- The two conditions under which nitrogen will react with oxygen are nitrogen oxide and nitrogen dioxide.
17. What are the two compounds that are formed when nitrogen combines with oxygen?
- The two compounds of nitrogen combined with oxygen is nitrogen oxide.
18. How does nitric acid (HNO3) form?
- Nitric acid forms usually forms when nitrogen dioxide reacts with water in rain.
19. Why is nitric acid (HNO3) important?
- Nitric acid is important because it can be used a nutrients for the plants.
Go to: http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/N/NitrogenCycle.html and answer these questions.
20. What percentage of the air we breathe is nitrogen?
- The air is 79% nitrogen.
21. Even though considerable nitrogen is available in the air, most plants do not use the nitrogen (N2) found in the air. Why not?
- Most plants do not use nitrogen found in the air, because their nitrogen must be in a "fixed form."
22. In what compounds can plants use nitrogen?
- Plants can use nitrogen in forms of nitrate ions, ammonium ions, and urea.
23. How do animals get the nitrogen they need?
- Animals get nitrogen they need by eating other animals or plants.
24. Atmospheric nitrogen (N2) is pretty inert. This means that it does not easily break apart.
When molecules do not break apart easily, it is difficult (or impossible) for organisms to use them as a nutrient source. As a result, nitrogen fixation is the term used to describe the process of breaking up N2.
a. What is atmospheric fixation?
~ "Atmospheric fixation is a huge energy of lightning breaks nitrogen and allows their atoms to combine with oxygen in the air forming nitrogen oxides."
b. What is industrial fixation? [This is how artificial fertilizers are made.]
~ " Industrial Fixation is the use of a catalyst, atmospheric nitrogen and hydrogen combined to form ammonia (NH3)."
c. What is biological fixation? (In your answer, describe the types of plants associated with the symbiotic relationship.)
~ "Biological fixation is the ability to fix nitrogen is found only in certain bacteria and archaea such as in soybeans, alders, and alfalfa."
Go to: http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/9s.html and answer these questions.
25. Why is nitrogen needed by plants and animals?-~ Nitrogen is needed by both plants and animals because they need nitrogen-compounds, e.g., proteins and nucleic acids.